A Secret Weapon for Persuasiv Essay Topics

A Secret Weapon for Persuasiv Essay Topics Most Noticeable Persuasiv Essay Topics There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Our life is about words. Needless to say, it's the topics you may have a small laugh about! A great deal of times students are requested to compose persuasive essays for several occasions. Begin with general subjects that you are conversant with then narrow down to a particular topic. Every American should learn how to speak English. He should learn to speak Spanish. The Fundamentals of Persuasiv Essay Topics Revealed Persuasive essay topics are ideal for students who love to share their opinion and to persuade others. Persuasive essays are a fantastic approach to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. They have no paragraph limits. The greatest persuasive essays persuade the reader to agree with a specific point of view, perspective or maybe to take a pa rticular action. The next region of the text will be less difficult to write if you've picked among the most effective persuasive essay topics as your principal subject of the text. After you are aware that you want to seek out unique persuasive essay topics to be able to write the ideal text possible, it's the opportunity to consider how to study the structure of such texts. The custom is allowed in some states, but it's frowned upon and illegal in a lot more states. The Persuasiv Essay Topics Stories School should happen in the evenings. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Elementary students ought to be free from homework. School tests aren't powerful. Top Persuasiv Essay Topics Choices Use what you read to assist you create some search terms, and to assist you choose your own position. It is preferable to search online since it will conserve a plenty of time. Since you can see, a number of the topics listed are new and handle the present issues happening in the World today. To help students just like you find debatable topics, we've gathered a wide variety of ideas on distinct subjects and academic levels. If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you should know that writing an essay is a complicated practice. Below, you will find several ideas for a persuasive essay, which you may use if you prefer. Having selected a fantastic topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. Good persuasive essay topics must be persuasive. To assist you craft an intriguing essay, below are some superior persuasive topics for you to select from. A persuasive essay that is also known as an argumentative essay is a form of written document that's academic in nature. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Qualities of a very good persuasive essay topic The topic ought to be specific. You should settle on a persuasive essay topic which allows you to present the finest possible case. The Do's and Don'ts of Persuasiv Essay Topics You ought to make sure you've picked among the best ideas for persuasive speech and that you've used the appropriate words to demonstrate your opinion. Selecting the most suitable topic for a persuasive speech may be not such an easy issue to do as it might appear. Needless to say, giving a wonderful persuasive speech requires more than simply picking a great topic. Finishing a fantastic persuasive speech takes time and energy. Persuasive essays explain a topic when attempting to persuade the readers your perspective has become the most logical, valid, and informed one about this issue. A broad subject always seems simpler to write about as you're able to locate a lot of materials about it. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to somebody else. In the actual sense, it's challenging to pick a great persuasive essay topic from numerous great topic ideas. With all these things to argue about and for, it may be a bit overwhelming to think of a topic all on your own. Make sure you do lots of research, especially if you wish to create a compelling and persuasive bit of writing. You still must make an outstanding bit of writing. You're an actual topic enthusiast! Ultimately, you should choose a topic which inspires you but which also supplies you with a large assortment of materials to research. Select a topic you're passionate about. Take notes concerning all possible topics you are able to consider. Possessing great research abilities and selecting an excellent topic is important.

Adolescence And Addictions Addiction And Addiction

Adolescence and Addictions Adolescence that are faced with drug addictions are considered addicts with undeniable habits of drug use and little to no concerns of long term effects on the brain. Most drug additions whether prescription, narcotic, or alcohol, causes detrimental effect on the brain that impacts ones behaviors and thought process in making precise decisions in daily activities. Brain diseases are rapid among drug users for long periods of time that in turn can destroy the ones opportunity of normalcy of life (Kakkad, Trivedi, Raichandani, 2014). Addictions have physical and psychological effects in an individual’s life. Although the internet serves great benefits for ones use, it can also serve as an addiction for individual’s that experience sexual addiction or other disorders. For example; a person that suffers with social anxiety disorder could use the internet as a source of interacting with people instead of socializing in the public. There are other disorders that can cause one to become addicted to the internet such as, anxiety/panic attacks, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Goldberg, 2014). Connections between abuse and addiction in adolescence A strong urge and desire for drugs are feeling and signs of drug addiction and abuse for some adolescents ((Goldberg, 2014). Often time’s adolescents will explore and experience whatever drug is the latest or newest trend in society. During teenage years some adolescents becomeShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Adolescence And Adulthood2040 Words   |  9 Pages Drug Addiction in Adolescence to Adulthood Name Professor Institution Course Date Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Description of drug abuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Definition and the causes of drugabuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.3 Drug regulation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.4 Effects of drugs on humans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.5 General effects of drugs on both adolescence and adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Psychological effects of drug abuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSubstance Abuse And Addictions Among Adolescence947 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse and Addictions Among Adolescence Substance abuse and addictions among adolescence is a problem among this age group. Adolescents go through major stages in life and are faced with stressful issues that can lead to experimenting with drugs. Experimenting with drugs can lead to for an adolescent to abuse the substance as well becoming addicted. Not only can a adolescent can become addicted to a substance but he or she can have issues with the brain developing properly. Spiritual developmentRead MoreThe Correlation Between Abused Adolescence And Addiction1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Correlation Between Abused Adolescence and Addiction Adolescence is a critical time in an individuals’ life, especially in regards to his or her neurodevelopment. Adolescents believe that they are mature individuals with the ability to make intelligent decisions without any direction or guidance from anyone else. This is very alarming considering that the adolescent is very impulsive in his or her decision making abilities, instead of reasoning through the negatives and positives regarding hisRead MoreEffects Of Adolescent Addiction On Adolescence And Local And The United States News About Adolescence Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction in Adolescent Years The essay concerns itself with the questions Addictions in Adolescence. Wong, Hall, Justice, and Hernandez, 2015) state that adolescence distinctly determined by the beginning of puberty. The professional also allude that early onset of puberty is most likely to partaken in dangerous activities such as multiple sex partners, alcohol dependence, and inappropriate adaptive styles. In this essay, I will discuss my finding of current contributions and treatments of adolescentRead MoreThe Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors1333 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology of Addictive Behaviors in the life of Adolescence When dealing with addictive behaviors in Psychology, people find that adolescents are more likely to get involved with addictions and uncontrollable wants with things such as alcohol, smoking, drugs, sex, and much more. With those subjects listed, the age groups more prone to opening up doors to these addictions are the ages of 18-23. This is said for a number of reasons. There is loneliness from living away from home, there is more personalRead MoreThe Relationship Between Abuse And Addiction965 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Abuse and addiction in adolescence is growing a rapid rate and defining to two seems to have a different affect, but the two can become harmful and dangerous if parents do not do their part and intervene as soon as they find out what is taking place with their kids. If not brought to subjection in time, it can become very deadly thing for adolescence. Abuse is such a wide spectrum and depending on the adolescent and the friends they have it can be introduce d to adolescence in many ways andRead MoreDrug Use And Addiction Among Teenagers Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesis a reoccurring problem in society that is increasing dramatically among adolescence and young adults. The actual drug can change he structure and function of the brain. It can do great harm to the human body psychically, emotionally, and socially. Often times, young adults have a greater risk of addiction when they become older and the addiction can transfer to adulthood. There are many way to prevent drug use and addiction amongst teenagers. However, if they do not seek help, the problem will continueRead MoreDrug Use And The Factors That Influence A Future Drug Addiction1005 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper explores various ways adolescent brain is susceptible to risky behaviors such as drug use and the factors that influence a future drug addiction. Adolescence is a time of growth both physically and mentally as well as emotionally. Risky behaviors, such as drug use, are likely to appear during this time. It isn’t until early adulthood that the prefrontal cortex, the area of our brain responsible for logical thought and reasoning, is developed. Many underlying factors of substance abuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Addiction On Adolescent Development1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Addiction on Adolescent Development Adolescence is a time where adolescents grow and mature at a rapid rate. It is also a time where adolescents are more vulnerable to taking risks, such as using and becoming addicted to illegal substances, due to raging hormones. Whether or not an adolescent chooses to engage in drug use and abuse depends on their home environment and those they choose to associate themselves with. Adolescents are confronted with an enormous amount of pressure toRead MoreDrug Addiction: A Brain Controlling Disease823 Words   |  3 Pagesto drugs. This drug addiction has left a major impact on the brains of each user. Drug addiction is a relapsing brain disease that is characterized by brain malfunction that alters the way the users think and behave. Normal balancing Mechanisms go haywire, allowing the drug to control the brain. Drug addiction has been a major concern for scientist in recent years. With research drug addiction is categorized as a neuron-disease from its large impact on the brain. Drug addiction is a complex brain

Microbiology Synthetic Biology Applications

Question: Discuss about the Microbiology for Synthetic Biology Applications. Answer: Introduction: The science of synthetic biology varies from the conventional genetic engineering. As stated by Paddon et al. (2013), Synthetic biology can be defined as the construction and designing of biological entities for useful purposes. This field of science can be used to produce synthetic microbes which are specifically designed to perform a particular task like production of drugs and controlling pollution. In the arena of medicine, problems still exist in the clinical treatment of several chronic diseases. One of the most frequently occurring disease that need to be addressed is malaria. In this essay the designing of a synthetic microbe to produce a drug for malaria will be illustrated. In order to develop the synthetic microbe the novel gene that was separated is artemisinin and it was selected from Artemisia annua species (Ashley et al. 2014). As discussed by Kent et al. (2012), the species selected for creation of the synthetic drug was Mycoplasma mycoides. These organisms were extracted from ruminants. This strain of Mycoplasma was used as the template. These organisms lack cell wall and for culturing and growth it requires steroid. These organisms grow better in broth and mycoplasma agar and can survive for longer duration at 45 degrees centigrade. According to Lehmeyer et al. (2016), the Mycoplasma mycoides require sterols for the stability of their cytoplasmic membrane. Since its difficult to culture Mycoplasma strains in other microorganisms because it needs sterols to function, therefore the host organism for designing the synthetic microbe could be Mycoplasma yeatsii. These species have a common host and body site with other Mycoplasma species found in ruminants. Since the plasmid selected would be hosted by another species of the same organism even without cell wall they can survive. Moreover, these microorganisms although lack cell wall they are unaffected by several antibiotics such as beta-lactam or penicillin (Karas et al. 2014). As stated by Moe-Behrens et al. (2014), Plasmids are significantly useful cloning vectors that can be used to isolate, purify and multiply inside the bacterial cells. The plasmid genome of the M. mycoides pADB201 (NC_001382) should be used after isolating it. pADB201 encodes two proteins orfA and orfB. The origin of plasmid is composite. In Such rolling circle plasmids, the single stranded origin is the initiation site of the lagging strand. This is important for conversion of the single stranded molecule into double stranded molecule. The plasmid vector would be designed in such a way that the vector would contain two replication origins, multiple cloning site which will consist of a restriction cut site and a antibiotic resistance site (ampicillin resistant site). The various restriction sites that would e incorporated are BamHI, HaeIII, Hind III, EcoRI and AluI. Addition to this a Lac Z site will be inserted into the multiple cloning site in order to identify the transformants. Th e virulent gene would be removed in order to prevent disease causing affect in the animal to be tested on (Karas et al. 2014). As discussed by Gourgues et al. (2016), Transformation is the process of introduction of exogenous genetic material into the bacterial cell. In this experiment the plasmid DNA would be introduced into the Mycoplasma yeatsii. The plasmid mediated transformation of the Mycoplasma mycoides would follow certain steps. Firstly, the plasmid vector would be cleaved using EcoRI endonuclease at the restriction site to produce sticky ends. According to Ariey et al. (2014) this the foreign DNA that is artemisinin which would be extracted from Artemisia annua species will also be cleaved using the same enzyme at the AATT sites. The insertion of the gene of interest will be done. The ligase enzyme initiates the formation of the phosphodiester bond. The ligase enzyme will catalyzes the annealing of the plasmid genome with the specific gene of interest. The whole process will be conducted in media containimg NEB buffer (Fischer et al. 2012). The metabolism of Mycoplasma yeatsii is similar to other Mycoplasma where the main organic compounds are glucose and mannose. Therefore, sterol and arginine are the two key growth factors for the survival off this organism. Moreover, this organism is aerobic in nature, so requires the presence of oxygen to multiply. Lastly, they do not decompose urea. According to Dordet-Frisoni et al. (2013), the host cell is made competent so that the plasmid can enter the cell. There e three steps that should be followed in order to continue transformation. Firstly, Calcium Chloride should be added to the medium in order to enhance the introduction of the plasmid DNA into the host cell. Secondly, the cells are heat shocked and thirdly, the cells are incubated in the nutrient broth for a short duration. Lastly, the broth containing the transformed cells is plated in the agar medium. The plasmid vector containing the gene of interest would replicate utilizing the host machinery and would result in the transformants. In order to check whether the transformation has completed successfully or not screening through the process of blue white colonies are done. As discussed by Fischer et al. (2012), the medium would be cultured with X-Gal and IPTG. If the gene of interest gets inserted within the Lac Z site then the X-Gal will remain inactive producing a white colony. On contrary, if the gene of interest inserts outside the Lac Z gene or does not get inserted at all then the Lac Z gene will be activated by IPTG and the X-Gal will be broken down forming blue colonies (Kent et al. 2012). The synthetic microbe that is formed can be used for preparing drugs against malaria. The synthetic genome would contain nucleic acid biosynthesis, ribosomal operon, transporters, DNA repair tools. The operon system of the synthetic microbe would contain NBOPr which is a substrate inducible promoter, NBO1-NBO3 is the genes that encode the biosynthetic pathway and NBO4 is the product transporter (Kent et al. 2012). The noble gene artemisinin mimics the CR-trigger hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide to induce antioxidative networks and mitigate the oxidative stress. Thereby, direct the metabolic conversion of anabolism to catabolism, extending the life expectancy and metabolic functionality in the host. There are certain genes that are developed or constructed by various evolutionary processes. Out of these genes, several genes produce duplicate copies of the total gene while the others rearrange the existing genetic molecules and are termed as novel genes. According to Karas et al. (2014), the main function of these novel genes are that they contribute to unique phenotypes leading to character differentiation in organisms. In this experiment artemisinin gene will be used as a novel gene to contribute in the cure of malaria. In this experiment the novel gene will be regulated using plasmid mediated transformation which will be used to create a drug in order to test the clinical applications of the drug against malaria in mice (Fischer et al. 2012). Most microbes consist of a gene that secretes a protein called CRISPR. This particular protein has the ability to bind to a specific recognition site in the plasmid and cleave it. This is a kind of defense mechanisms in microbes that cleaves a foreign gene as soon as it enters the host cell. Thus, during the designing of the vector the recognition site for this protein should be removed via ligase enzyme in order to maintain the gene of interest. This process would help the plasmid to be stable and grow in the host cell. Diagram 1: Regualatory mechanism Diagram 2: Components of the Synthetic microbe In the developing and technologically superior method of synthetic biology there exist potential high risks which if used in the form of a bio-weapon. First of all, the synthetic microbe designed can result in negative result in the host cell or organism in which the synthetic drug would be applied. Secondly, there are ethical risks associated with the use of the microbe by the society as a treatment mode. As stated by Dordet-Frisoni et al. (2013), Synthetic biology represents an effective area of science that combines the biological science with the systems engineering. According to the evidences provided the synthetic organisms have shown successful results in the clinical field involving studies, diagnosis and treatment. The ethical arguments in view of patenting extend to the reality that monopolization of biological substance can cause to reduce in contact of such material to the community. Since e pathogenic nature of the microbe will be eliminated during the experiment the use of the organism can be a safe choice. The synthetic microbe cannot be first tested in human beings rather it will be used in mice due to ethical issues of Mycoplasma that causes tuberculosis and other serious diseases. Moreover, the use of the plant gene artemisinin can be used as an environment control measure. This synthetic microbe can be patented due to the use of an innovative novel gene into the cons truction of a synthetic microbe. The rising field of synthetic biology is seasoned for law appraisal and improvement, both in US and Australia. There has been a propagation of patents in this arena, with the possible for important impact on health, the environment and the economy. For example, Nygone, which is a microplastic filter designed to degrade nylon (Karas et al. 2014). References: Ariey, F., Witkowski, B., Amaratunga, C., Beghain, J., Langlois, A.C., Khim, N., Kim, S., Duru, V., Bouchier, C., Ma, L. and Lim, P., 2014. A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria.Nature,505(7481), pp.50-55. Ashley, E.A., Dhorda, M., Fairhurst, R.M., Amaratunga, C., Lim, P., Suon, S., Sreng, S., Anderson, J.M., Mao, S., Sam, B. and Sopha, C., 2014. Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.New England Journal of Medicine,371(5), pp.411-423. Dordet-Frisoni, E., Baranowski, E., Barr, A., Blanchard, A., Breton, M., Couture, C., Dupuy, V., Gaurivaud, P., Jacob, D., Lemaitre, C. and Manso-Silvn, L., 2013. Draft genome sequences of Mycoplasma auris and Mycoplasma yeatsii, two species of the ear canal of Caprinae.Genome announcements,1(3), pp.e00280-13. Fischer, A., Shapiro, B., Muriuki, C., Heller, M., Schnee, C., Bongcam-Rudloff, E., Vilei, E.M., Frey, J. and Jores, J., 2012. The origin of the Mycoplasma mycoides clustercoincides with domestication of ruminants.PLoS One,7(4), p.e36150. Gourgues, G., Barr, A., Beaudoing, E., Weber, J., Magdelenat, G., Barbe, V., Schieck, E., Jores, J., Vashee, S., Blanchard, A. and Lartigue, C., 2016. Complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides T1/44, a vaccine strain against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.Genome announcements,4(2), pp.e00263-16. Karas, B.J., Wise, K.S., Sun, L., Venter, J.C., Glass, J.I., Hutchison III, C.A., Smith, H.O. and Suzuki, Y., 2014. Rescue of mutant fitness defects using in vitro reconstituted designer transposons in Mycoplasma mycoides.Frontiers in microbiology,5. Kent, B.N., Foecking, M.F. and Calcutt, M.J., 2012. Development of a novel plasmid as a shuttle vector for heterologous gene expression in Mycoplasma yeatsii.Journal of microbiological methods,91(1), pp.121-127. Lehmeyer, M., Kanofsky, K., Hanko, E.K., Ahrendt, S., Wehrs, M., Machens, F. and Hehl, R., 2016. Functional dissection of a strong and specific microbeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ associated molecular patternà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ responsive synthetic promoter.Plant biotechnology journal,14(1), pp.61-71. Moe-Behrens, G.H., Davis, R. and Haynes, K.A., 2014. Preparing synthetic biology for the world.Synthetic biology applications in industrial microbiology, p.77. Paddon, C.J., Westfall, P.J., Pitera, D.J., Benjamin, K., Fisher, K., McPhee, D., Leavell, M.D., Tai, A., Main, A., Eng, D. and Polichuk, D.R., 2013. High-level semi-synthetic production of the potent antimalarial artemisinin.Nature,496(7446), pp.528-532.

The Invention of Photography The Daguerreotype Essay Example For Students

The Invention of Photography The Daguerreotype Essay Photography has become the catalyst for social and cultural memory and a tool for scientific advancement. The world owes a great deal to the early inventors of the latent image for their patience and skill, for without photography one might consider the world an unmemorable place. The first step in photography’s dissemination into the world came by way of a Frenchman named Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre. His process known as the daguerreotypes quickly circulated throughout the Western world, and Daguerre, from the day of the daguerreotype announcement in August 1839, became known to the world as the father of photography. Understanding the importance of Daguerre’s process of the daguerreotype requires an analysis with three particular categories; the first being the historical context in which the process was created. Secondly, social and cultural significance of the daguerreotype era plays a vital role in how the process is understood as a photographic object, and how it functioned in the society in which it thrived in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Thirdly, one must examine the process of deterioration and preservation to be aware of the physical nature of the object, and methods of ensuring the longevity of the image. We will write a custom essay on The Invention of Photography The Daguerreotype specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Amalgamating these components will allow for a full analysis of a daguerreotype image and provide a case for the importance of daguerreotype images within photographic collections. Historically, the antecedent to the invention of photography can be traced as far back as the fifth century BC when Mo Ti recorded that â€Å"the reflected light rays of an illuminated object passing through a pinhole into a darkened enclosure resulted in an inverted but otherwise exact image of the object. This concept of using a small aperture to project images resulted in inquisitive experiments through the following centuries until the Renaissance when a device was created that would manage and direct this optical phenomenon. The apparatus was called the camera obscura, literally translated to dark room and â€Å"is basically a dark chamber, or box, with an opening at one end through which light passes. The light entering the camera obscura falls onto the wall opposite to form an image. † The d evice became a popular tool for those interested in rendering an exact pictorial representation of physical nature. Algarotti, a writer on art and science in the latter half of the eighteenth century, advocated the use of the camera obscura stating that â€Å"Painters should make the same use of the Camera Obscura, which Naturalists and Astronomers make of the microscope and telescope; for all these instruments equally contribute to make known, and represent Nature. † The camera obscura and the science of light rays continued to develop throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as technology advanced. Further developments were made to the camera obscura by adding lenses of different lengths to sharpen and broaden the image. The experiments with light and perception were then coupled with the knowledge of chemical compounds that would later lead to photographic science. In 1725 Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that â€Å"silver nitrate darkened when exposed to sunlight and that this change was the result of exposure to light and not heat. † This discovery is crucial to photography as it forms the basis for the science of the medium. As time progressed, experiments involving silver halides and their reaction with light slowly crept closer to the invention of photography. Particularly, the work of Thomas Wedgwood and Humphry Davy was an immense contribution to photographic science. Wedgwood and Humphry discovered that â€Å"it was possible to chemically transfer by means of light,† and had they been able to find a way to arrest the development of the silver salts photography may have been introduced forty years earlier. The stage was set for photography, and successful experiments were recorded during the same time as Daguerre worked on his theory. Joseph Nicephore Niepce, who would become Daguerre’s partner, played a crucial role in the daguerreotype’s development. Without Niepce’s experiments daguerreotypes may not have been on a metal support. Niepce worked with a process he called Heliography, meaning sun-writing. In this process he used bitumen, a material â€Å"that hardens and becomes insoluble when exposed to light. † He used glass and pewter coated with bitumen as supports for the transfer of engravings. The engraving would be made translucent with lavender oil or varnish and placed against the bitumen. Placing the sandwich into the sunlight for exposure â€Å"the bitumen hardened on the portions not covered by the lines of the print and remained soluble on the rest of the plate; after washing, an image appeared with the bare pewter forming the line. † In 1827 Niepce created his famous positive-negative image from his home in France using a camera obscura with a pewter plate coated with bitumen placed inside the camera. During the same time period, William Henry Fox Talbot was working in England on his calotype process. Talbot used writing paper coated with silver nitrate and soaked in a solution of potassium iodide to create what he termed iodized paper. Before the paper was exposed a solution of silver nitrate and gallic acid was used to coat the iodized paper. The treated paper was then exposed in the camera using an exposure time from one minute to an hour. A latent image was formed by the action of light on the treated paper. In a darkened room, the paper was then washed in another bath of silver nitrate and gallic acid to develop the latent image. The paper would then be washed in a fixing solution of potassium bromide or a solution of hypo. A positive image could be made from the calotype negative and was usually done so by using Talbot’s original process of salted paper, which yielded the best results from the negative. This process included soaking a sheet of paper in table salt, and when dried, brushing on a solution of silver nitrate as to embed light-sensitive silver chloride into the paper fibers. Sandwiched under glass against the calotype negative and exposed to bright sunlight a visible positive image appeared. The image would be fixed, as the negative was, washed and dried. Talbot’s process was introduced to the world in 1841, but under the restriction of a patent, which is one reason the daguerreotype generated a greater popularity in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Daguerre himself was also experimenting with trying to fix the image produced in the camera obscura. His interest was a result of his work with the Diorama in Paris. The Diorama was a popular form of entertainment in the 1830’s of which Daguerre was the creator and proprietor. Daguerre used his skill to render the effect of light to create the illusion of time and movement on mural sized paintings. In so doing, the Diorama provided the illusion of a moving picture show. Daguerre used the camera obscura to aid in his paintings for the Diorama, which triggered his interest in a method of freezing the reflected image of the camera. The collaboration between Daguerre and Niepce began in 1827 when the two men were introduced by their mutual optician in Paris, Charles Chevalier, who noticed both were working towards a common goal in their experiments. After two years of communication Daguerre and Niepce entered into a partnership to mutually work towards fixing an image. After Niepce’s death in 1833 Daguerre took the basis of his research and continued to improve on the theories of using a silver plate coated with iodine. It was in 1835 when Daguerre discovered that mercury fumes could bring the latent image to surface on the exposed silver plate. Further investigation lead Daguerre to discover that a solution of common table salt and hot water would stop further development of the image. .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 , .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .postImageUrl , .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 , .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:hover , .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:visited , .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:active { border:0!important; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:active , .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829 .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua52d01da3a9c0ff9d24cd29ab7e37829:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edward Weston: American Photographer EssayDaguerre realized the potential of his findings, and immediately began to seek a venue to sell his invention. It was through the collaboration with esteemed scientist Francois Arago that Daguerre achieved his financial reward. An agreement was met between Niepce’s son, Isidore, to name the process the daguerreotype as Daguerre felt he had furthered the process enough to call it his own. Arago introduced the daguerreotype to the Academie des Sciences in France on August 19, 1839 to rave reviews. A booklet was produced detailing the process and descriptive drawings of the equipment used. The daguerreotype process that was given free to the world was made on a sheet of silver-plated copper polished to mirror-like luminosity. The plate was exposed to the fumes of iodine to create a light sensitive silver halide. A latent image would then be formed on the silver plate after an in-camera exposure. The plate was then exposed to mercury fumes, which act as a catalyst to bring the silver particles to the surface of the plate. Finally, the image was fixed in a bath of sodium thiosulfate to remove the remaining photosensitive silver. The brilliance of the image in its tonal range and its unsurpassed ability to render detail are due to the microscopic scattering of silver particles. The result is a reversed, unique image suggested by Arago in his address to the Academie des Sciences, as having multiple uses in the sciences and the hopes of portraiture. The daguerreotype quickly disseminated around the Western world, and although it was a French invention, it thrived in America. Samuel F. B. Morse, who had witnessed Daguerre’s invention in Paris, first introduced America to the daguerreotype in 1839 in an article in the New York Observer. The photographic medium was embraced by Americans, and according to Allan Trachtenberg, this was because of the social and political climate of the late 1830’s. America was undergoing reform in many social institutions and scientific methodologies. Forums for the practice of daguerreotypy quickly emerged within the social context of America, and the daguerreotype aided in the projection of new ways of thinking and pushed the impetus of American nationalism. The proliferation of the use of the daguerreotype for portraiture was overwhelming in America. Further advancement with Daguerre’s process made it possible to achieve shorter exposure times, and therefore, made portraiture a possibility. The daguerreotype replaced the expensive painted miniature, making it achievable for the common person to afford a portrait. Portrait studios sprung up all over the country, particularly on the east coast where there were thousands making money off of the new, highly demanded medium. Most notable of these practitioners are Albert Sands Southworth and Josiah Johnson Hawes who had a studio in Boston. The two men were highly regarded for their extreme skill and exceptionally executed portraits. Daguerreotypes made by Southworth and Hawes are noted for their lighting, composition and posing. Compared to other portrait daguerreotypes, Southworth and Hawes exemplify the height of the medium as an art form. As seen in figure 1, the young ladies appear natural and graceful. The image projects a mood with carefully directed lighting and artful composition. The daguerreotype portrait was readily accepted into American culture as a tactile object. Replacing the painting miniature, the daguerreotype because of its fragile surface was placed into protective and decorative castings. The casings of daguerreotypes are important in their function in society, as they attribute to the precious and sentimental value of the object that would be handled and reviewed regularly. To create a daguerreotype case â€Å"a mat was placed in front of the image with a piece of glass in front of that, and all was permanently held in place by sealing paper around the edges. By 1847 a small frame of paper-thin brass called a mat preserver further wrapped the edges and became popular as an extra protection and enhanced decoration for the presentation. The whole unit was in a miniature case, and the item was complete. † This protective casing not only allowed for the handling of the portraits, but also added a decorative and lavish embellishment. The casing can also be used as a dating method. The image in figure 2 has no known information, however, the mat preserver has lead the author to estimate the image was made between 1850 and 1860, as this form of mat preserver was used during that decade. The daguerreotype also played a significant role in new methodologies surrounding scientific milieus. Arago predicted the daguerreotype’s value to supply â€Å"immediate and faithful detail for astronomers, naturalists, and physicians who had formerly relied on the skillful but subjective hand of the artist to copy objects of research. † The extreme depth and detail of the daguerreotype image provided a visual record inconceivable by the human hand. The benefit to scientific cataloging and visual records was unsurpassable. The daguerreotype was also used in the science of polygenesis, which during the latter half of the nineteenth century was based on the belief that each race was a distinct species. Louis Agassiz’s slave daguerreotypes (figure 3) exemplify the racial and political uses of photography during this time period. The images of the slaves â€Å"had two purposes, one nominally scientific, the other frankly political. They were designed to analyze the physical difference between European whites and African blacks, but at the same time they were meant to prove the superiority of the white race. † The Agassiz images are an example of the discursive uses that daguerreotypes were used to support. The nature of the subject matter within the daguerreotypes took on a meaning that projected the cultural theories and atheistic values of the politics of race in the nineteenth century. Whether a daguerreotype image was being used for portraiture or science the image was appropriated into the social context of the nineteenth century. The daguerreotype image changed the mechanics of self representation and created an industry in America that became monumental in cultural and political framework of a restructuring nation. Daguerreotypes brought to science a meticulous visual record, unsurpassed by anything the human hand could render, which pushed scientific fields in new methods of discovery. Furthermore, the daguerreotype was used to support the controlling forces of the period. The nature of the image in its clarity and brilliance, created a visual truth that could not be denied due to the daguerreotype’s reputation of a lucid and objective representation of reality. Understanding the daguerreotype requires an analysis of the make-up of the image structure, and the implications of deterioration so as to protect the irreplaceable, unique object. As can be seen in a microscopic image, â€Å"the image is encoded on the array of particles on the plate’s surface. Understanding the interaction of the particle-studded surface with reflected light allows us to account for image appearance, quality, and the loss of image when daguerreotypes become tarnished or corroded. † Susan Barger and William White suggest that the daguerreotype is defined by the microstructure rather than the chemical composition. .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 , .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .postImageUrl , .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 , .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:hover , .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:visited , .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:active { border:0!important; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:active , .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4 .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac38b3376492a18fffd9b342703e4da4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Invention and History of Indian Film EssayTherefore, the silver-mercury particles that form the image on the plate will inevitably change over time and cause deterioration of the plate surface and alter the appearance of the image. The image in figure 2 has noticeable tarnish deterioration around the mat edge. This coloured tarnish is a complicated chemical compound primarily based on silver oxide, as such, the silver particles darken with age and produced the tarnish damage that is visible in figure 4. The image in figure 2, and the microscopic enhancement of that image in figure 4, conveys a strongly constructed image structure. This is known because of the highly visible negative-positive image on the plate and clear definition of tone. The author is lead to believe that this plate would have been created with multiple halide coatings. Adding bromine and a second coating of iodine to the plate before exposure in the camera was an advancement made after Daguerre introduced the daguerreotype. Susan Barger explains that â€Å"the major contribution of multiple sensitizations is that it improves the possibility of forming the optimal microstructure which will produce the best visible image. The image stability in figure 2 would also suggest that the daguerreotype has not been a victim to harsh cleaning methods that were employed in the early part of the twentieth century. Daguerreotypes have been casualties of untimely corrosion due to improper and harmful cleaning methods. Due to the delicate microstructure of the image the use of solvent cleaners, such as potassium cyanide, to remove tarnish has also removed part of the image structure, namely, silver, mercury, gold and copper. The use of inappropriate cleaners has caused many daguerreotypes prior to the 1970’s to suffer from image fading. The growth of molds can also plague daguerreotypes caused by the decomposition of the glass cover. Cleaning methods have been highly tested and monitored over the past thirty years by Susan Barger and her colleagues. Barger suggests that the electrocleaning process is the safest and most efficient method of cleaning tarnish corrosion. Using this method, a silver wand is used to target the problem areas while the daguerreotype is placed in a bath of ammonium hydroxide. Using electrodes and electrolytes the daguerreotype is spot cleaned resulting in successful removal of tarnish while keeping the microstructure unaltered and free of further corrosion products. In the case of molds the daguerreotype should be re-packaged with modern glass and an unbuffered board to provide a low alkaline environment. The most important measure that can be taken to prevent mold growth is to maintain a constant relative humidity in the storage environment, as to avoid temperature change within the glass encasement. Ensuring there are proper cleaning and storage conditions for daguerreotypes is vital in their longevity. It is thanks to the delicate microstructure of the daguerreotype image that one can marvel in its extreme rendering of detail, but it is also the microstructure that requires stable conditions to maintain the particle composition that provides such detail. It is evident that the evolution of the daguerreotype is strongly based in the areas defined above. The historical context that surrounds the daguerreotype at the time if its inception is key to its dissemination throughout the Western world. The predecessors to Daguerre’s invention are vital in photography’s history, as they too play an important role in the development of the science of light and optics, as well as the progression towards the understanding of photochemistry. Daguerre’s partnership with Niepce is also essential in the daguerreotype’s invention. Without Niepce, Daguerre would not have the image support of metal or basic chemistry that builds the skeleton of his process. Historical context, therefore, is crucial in understanding Daguerre’s invention, and why he is considered the creator of photography. The social and cultural implications of the daguerreotype flourished in America. Understanding that the social and political structure of America in the latter half of the nineteenth century was based in reform provides a cultural context as to why the daguerreotype proliferated there. The portrait daguerreotype took-over from the painted miniature, and this can explain the way the daguerreotype was cased. The casings were tactile objects to be shared and treasured, and the detailed decoration provided a status for the sentimental memento, as well as a protective housing. The daguerreotype also thrived within scientific milieus. The objective truth of the daguerreotype and mechanical nature provided precise and immediate records for many fields of scientific investigation. However, daguerreotypes were also appropriated, because of the nature of the medium, to project an idealistic thought of power. Looking at the microstructure of daguerreotype particles can help one to understand preservation and conservation issues. Being able to preserve these unique one-of-a-kind images is clearly beneficial due to the vast amount of information they hold as historical objects. The daguerreotype also provides the first piece of the photographic puzzle. Although the daguerreotype only prospered from 1840–1860 before being replaced by the reproducible and relatively more portable wet-collodion process, the social and cultural implications of the daguerreotype era are great. The facets of the daguerreotype’s inextricable structure of historical, social and physical elements bind to provide a view starting point for photography’s history. The daguerreotype, inevitably, represents the beginning of a medium. However, the daguerreotype is also a form of photography that no other process can shine a light to in terms of brilliance, detail and mystic. Bibliography: A History of Photography, â€Å"Camera Obscura,† Robert Leggat, http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/index.html (accessed November 26, 2006). Banta, Melissa. A Curious Ingenious Art: Reflections on Daguerreotypes at Harvard Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2000. Barger, Susan M., S.V. Krishnaswamy, and R. Messier. â€Å"The Cleaning of Daguerreotypes: Comparison of Cleaning Methods,† Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 22 no.1 (1982), http://www/jstor.org/ (accessed November 26, 2006). Barger, Susan M., William B. White. The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2000. Buerger, Janet E. French Daguerreotypes. London: University of Chicago Press, 1989. The Daguerreian Society. http://www.daguerre.org/ (accessed November 25, 2006). Foresta, Merry A., and John Wood. Secrets of the Dark Chamber: The Art of the American Daguerreotype. Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. Mace, O. Henry. Collector’s Guide to Early Photographs. Iola: Krause Publications, 1999. Mattingly, Carol. Appropriate Dress: Women’s Rhetorical Style in Nineteenth- Century America. United States of America: Southern Illinois University, 2002. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"Divine Perfection: The Daguerreotype in Europe and America.† The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 56, no. 4 (Spring, 1999), http://www.jstor.org/ (accessed November 26, 2006). Newhall, Beaumont. Daguerre. New York: Winter House Ltd., 1971. Newhall, Beaumont. The Daguerreotype in America. New York: Dover Publications, 1976. Romer, Grant, and Brian Wallis, eds. Young America: The Daguerreotypes of Southworth Hawes. New York: International Centre of Photography; George Eastman House, Gottingen, Germany: Steidl, 2005. Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997. Severa, Joan L., ed. My Likeness Taken: Daguerreian Portraits in America. Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2005. Wallis, Brian. â€Å"Black Bodies, White Science: Louis Agassiz’s Slave Daguerreotypes,† American Art 9, no. 2 (1995), http://www.jstor.org/ (accessed November 26, 2006). Wood, John, ed. The Daguerreotype: A Sesquicentennial Celebration. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989.

The Three Strangers By Thomas Hardy and A Vendetta By Guy De Maupassant Essays

The Three Strangers By Thomas Hardy and A Vendetta By Guy De Maupassant Essays The Three Strangers By Thomas Hardy and A Vendetta By Guy De Maupassant Essay The Three Strangers By Thomas Hardy and A Vendetta By Guy De Maupassant Essay Essay Topic: Literature The Stranger Both these stories build up mystery. However, because they are written in different ways, there is significant contrast in the way the two stories are built up. Hardys story is longer, and has much more detail than Maupassants. Hardys has more characters and there is a twist in the tale. Maupassants is simpler, to the point and only has one character. These differences in structure contribute to the contrasting styles in which the mystery is built up. The setting at the beginning of The Three Strangers, plays a big part in creating mystery. Thomas Hardy describes a lonely cottage (page 130) as solitary. The way he describes this leads the reader to think that if anything happens out there, no one would know about it. Hardys descriptive use of the weather when he says the level rainstorm (on page 131), creates an atmosphere that plays on the readers emotions. The setting for Maupassants story builds up mystery too. It opens with a horrific murder. On page 201, we are told that the victim was treacherously knifed. This is important, as straight away there is some action in it, which makes us wonder whats going to happen next. This is a clever way to build up mystery. Like Maupassants, Hardys story gets to the point almost straight away: an incident had occurred (page 133). This is mysterious, because it doesnt tell you what the incident was until a little bit later. This builds up suspension and mystery very well. As the first stranger ascends the hill, Hardy develops mystery by using nature. The time of day helps when on page 134, it says the time of full moon. The sense of mystery is developed further through this, as a full moon is often associated with mysterious events. The way the first stranger walks also brings out the mystery in him. It says on page 134 there was caution in it, referring to his walk. This makes us wonder why and leads the reader to think that the man is scared of something, mystery being built, as we dont as yet know what the danger is. On several occasions, Hardy refers to the first stranger as a solitary pedestrian. This adds to the mystery rather well because if one is alone, no one will know if something happens to you. Later, as he is about to enter the house, the first pedestrian is described to be mentally looking through the door (page 135). This shows that he might be uncomfortable with what the people inside might ask him. This is backed up by the quotation on page 135. The question of his entry. This argument could be reinforced by the quotation on page 136. His hat hung low over his head. It is evident that the stranger doesnt want to be recognised in the house. Overall, Hardy gives the impression to the reader that the man did not want to be recognised, and he did not want too many questions to be asked about him. This builds up suspension and mystery as it tells us that something is going on, and the man has a secret. In Maupassants story, there is also a secret. This secret is being revealed to us little by little, gradually telling us how the widow will carry out the vendetta. By doing this, he introduces the idea she has had. First, he tells us that there was nothing else on her mind but this. On page 202, it tells you she had no rest. This shows she was determined to carry out the vendetta, but it seems she didnt know how to go about it. Next, he tells us that she has decided what to do. On page 202, it reads inspiration. We now know that she has decided what she is going to do, however, the reader has not been informed what it is and still, Maupassant gives the pieces little by little. The story continues and we finally get to know what is going to happen on page 203, when it says the dog tore the face to pieces. This is somewhat different to the way Hardy develops the plot. Hardy draws it out even more, and I think this helped Hardys story immensely with the build up of tension and mystery. Once the second stranger is inside, and the people at the party are asking about the strangers professions, the first stranger does not seem to be too pleased to be asked about it. It seems at first that he is keen to let everyone know what he is when he says very quickly and firmly Im a wheelwright. However, it appears that he is feeling a little too keen, especially as when the hedge carpenter says you can tell a mans profession by his hands, the first man instinctively sought the shade (page 142). All this shows that he is not telling the truth about his profession. This also adds to the mystery of the story, and again, it makes the reader wonder why the man is so secretive about himself, and why he would lie about his profession. In Maupassants story, there is a level of predictability regarding what is going to happen when it reads, on page 203; reduced the throat to ribbons. Before this, though, the clues are introduced very gradually. This also shows the determination and intelligence of the old woman. Usually a plot like this would be very well planned-out. However, it says that she had a sudden inspiration (page 202). This tells you that the woman is not a gentle, soft woman, or not in this case, at least. This is because she is so determined to do what she has to do, since it is what she has believed in throughout her whole life. Page 202 also says that the inspiration was a fierce vindictive one. The woman had forced herself to be less shy and timid, especially to be able to carry out the vendetta on her sons behalf. This builds up mystery well, as it means that the woman could be unpredictable as she is not her usual self. Hardy also uses this method in his story. He does not disclose to us the next mystery that is about to arise. The mystery is what the second stranger does for a living. There are clues scattered about when he talks. For example, on page 138, it says not a face without power. This gives the impression, that at least he is a boss of some kind or in charge of something. He was in fact, in charge of something, that thing being other peoples lives. Something that could put you off track however, is the second strangers kindness. On page 140, he says relieve the needy. You dont really expect an executioner to help the needy, as if he didnt kill people every week, so this is a clever way to draw out the little mystery. Later on, when asked about his occupation, the second stranger says I leave a mark upon my customers (page 142). This is again a clue to the strangers profession. Finally, in the second verse of his song, he gives his final clue. A post whereon to swing (page 143). The post is the hanging pole, and they are swinging because of the rope holding them up by their necks. I think Hardy has used this riddle well, for as well as leaving the readers to unfold it themselves, he has placed into their minds the question what will this man have to do with the rest of the story? It was clever to use this riddle, as it builds such great suspense, that mystery is built up immensely in this part of the story. The third stranger comes in and flees so suddenly, that it is obvious that there is significance in the way he does so. It must provide a vital clue to the story. After he has fled, the party in the cottage wonder why he did so, which is what the reader is intended to wonder too! When they hear the gunshot, and suspect what this man might have done, the story starts to unfold. After they have thought about it for a while, and heard the shots going off at regular intervals, it says their suspicions became a certainty (page 146). After they supposedly become certain of their suspicions, the second stranger puts himself in charge of drawing up a plan. This plan consists of some danger. This also excites the reader, making him wonder whats to come. On page 147, the constable says, staves and pitchforks. This shows that Hardy is developing a sense of danger, which helps the build up of mystery in the story. On page 148, the first and second strangers are back in the cottage. They seem very confident of the others, as they say theyll have him. Although they seem confident, the reader is not supposed to be so sure. This helps greatly in the mystery development, as it helps to form suspense. Hardy has used this well, as when the reader finds out the whole thing was a red herring, he is excited by what the true answer is. Red herrings are important for mystery stories because they excite the reader. The example in Hardys story is used very well. Maupassant does not have a red herring in his story. This is makes it is shorter and more to the point. Maupassant finishes his story how he started it: with a horrific murder. On page 204, it says the dog seized his throat. It also says that when the dog was finished, Nicolas Ravolati writhed. This shows that the death was a very painful one. Of course, it seems that the woman has got away with it. However that is what Nicolas thought. If the story had continued, we might have learnt that the old lady herself had been murdered in a vendetta for his life. In leaving the ending open, Maupassant is still building the sense of mystery even though the text has concluded! At the end of Hardys story, when he writes the explanation, he tries to make it really interesting for the reader. First, before the real answer is explained, the magistrate says havent you got the man after all? (Page 151)? This makes the reader wonder who the man really is, and why the third stranger ran away if he is not the man. Gradually, from here on, Hardy explains the real answers to these questions. First the third stranger says the condemned man is my brother (page 151). This is the first thing that is revealed. Still, though most of the questions remain. The next revelation is the real identity of the criminal. On page 151, the third stranger says my brother was in the chimney corner. This is the mystery solved, and Hardy has done this in a very shrewd way. He has kept readers guessing to the last second. Hardys explanation summed up the whole story well, and explained the puzzle. This enthrals the reader and the whole story has built up the sense of mystery very well. I noticed that both stories used isolation as a way to build up mystery. Hardy used it as in the isolation of the little cottage, whereas, Maupassant used it as in the isolation of the widow. On page 201, it says the widow refused to let anyone stay. The authors are building up mystery in the same way, but in a different context. I can now say that I immensely enjoyed reading both of these stories. They had both contrasts and comparisons, but more contrasts. The two stories built up mystery very well, but they built it up in completely different ways. I think this is because both authors were not setting out to write the same kind of story. I personally preferred Hardys story. I think this is because it built up mystery in a very shrewd way so that I was guessing what the answer would be right until the very end. One part that I did enjoy greatly, however, was the red herring. I found this to be a very clever way of putting readers off course from the real answer, as it did to me. I did enjoy Maupassants story as well, but I didnt find it as mysterious as Hardys. In conclusion, I would like to say that I think both stories built up mystery well, but I think Hardys built it up to a greater effect.

A Guide on How to Survive Summer School

A Guide on How to Survive Summer School Summer school is a great option for students who have to catch up or for those who just want to lighten their load throughout the normal semesters. These extra units might be the ones that will save your grades, but they might also bring a lot of stress and spoil your summer. If you want to know how you can survive summer school and save your happy summer, read the tips that we have found for you. 1. Take It Easy We all know that our attitude defines our behavior and mood. It can even affect your productivity and performance at school. How many times did you notice that when you’re bored, sad, depressed, or overall not interested in the subject, you just cant study well? Basically, what you always have to do is try to keep a positive approach. Even if you are not that excited about going to summer school this year, ask yourself a question: â€Å"Will anything change if you keep concentrating on the bad aspects?† You might be considering canceling all these plans for the sake of enjoying your summer, but think twice – you had a reason to go there first. Remind yourself about that reason and believe that you are not messing your summer up, as you still can have a fun time while going classes. So, just keep calm and study. 2. Get Enough Sleep This is what every person should do no matter what the time of the year is or what they do. Studying is just as hard as working, so you need to have rest in order to be productive and feel well. We know that summer is the perfect time to sit until dawn with your friends, chatting and having fun, but try to avoid it. You won’t thank yourself when getting up in the morning for classes if you had too little sleep. Its not a secret that your sleep has a significant influence on your productivity and your brain activity. If you decide to go to summer school, you need to get the most out of it. You dont want summer school to be a waste of time and effort, right? So, in order to gain knowledge and boost your grades, put a little effort into studying and a healthy sleep schedule will help you with it. Dont sacrifice your rest hours – if your assignments keep you awake in the middle of the night, you should definitely request our help. 3. Make Friends Going to summer school isnt easy. However, not having anyone to talk to while you’re there is even harder. Making friends with people from your class is a great way to make summer school less boring and tedious. You can also do your homework together – this also will help you a lot. Dont miss your chance to make great friends. Who knows, maybe you’ll end up with life-long friends. If you already have your friends going to summer school with you, make sure you are in the same class, you can ask your counselor to put you together. This will help you make it through the day. 4. Dont Push Yourself Too Much As was said earlier, you have a reason to go to summer school and you need to get the most out of it. However, that doesnt mean that you should sit all summer only studying. It means that you need to gain essential knowledge, not a headache. Everything should be balanced. Avoid running to extremes – you will only develop a negative attitude towards learning. Alternate studying and having fun. Go for a walk, go to a party, meet up with your friends, visit movie theaters or clubs – in other words, dont isolate yourself from the world. If you also need to find a summer job, check out our article with the best part-time jobs ideas. 5. Take Online Classes If Possible Some summer schools offer online courses which are very convenient for students who want to visit other places in summer. Moreover, it might give you a chance to sleep as long as you want without having to get up early and going for classes. Online classes are arguably not as good as regular classes because you dont have an opportunity to interact with your teacher and classmates as much. However, students who are diligent, organized, and disciplined can do very well in online learning. 6. Establish a Schedule Establishing a schedule is very important for any student. It helps to adjust to a studying routine and trains your brain to be more productive needed. If you have an established schedule throughout your regular semesters, you probably know how convenient they are. So, you might keep following the same schedule in summer. Going to bed at the same time every day helps you fall asleep quicker, while eating your meals on time helps your digestive system to function better. So, create a schedule that will allow you to study, dedicate time to hobbies, eat, and rest. Get an app that will help you schedule your studies and track your assignments – you will definitely find them useful. We have an article that will help you to pick the most convenient app. Wrapping Up Summer school isn’t always something that you â€Å"want to do.† Often, they are something that you â€Å"have to do.† However, even if you have to go to summer school, you dont have to feel bad about it. Summer classes help you stay focused and disciplined, in other words, keep you attentive and ready to learn. Even if its hard for you to imagine that you might enjoy summer school, just give it a try. You might spend your time there learning, while also making a lot of friends. The way you spend your summer mainly depends on how you treat it. Surviving through your summer school might turn into truly enjoying it.

Assessment for Training Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessment for Training Project - Assignment Example The training program can have a positive influence on teachers’ performance improvement. Teacher training program is a type of adult training which facilitates to develop personal knowledge. The teacher training program is designed to provide a context regarding the requirements of teachers and their desired learning activities (Wati 79-104). Nowadays, education is going through a serious transformation with the arrival of globalization, increase in social along with demographical diversity among students, the introduction of the knowledge-oriented economy and initiation of information and communication technology (ICT). Thus, traditional teaching activities are unable to generate skilled employees which are required for fulfilling the demand of present employment market. These changes have resulted in the development of the teacher-training program by Microsoft to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning procedure (Al-Hattami, Muammar and Elmahdi 39-45). In accordance with the opinions of Teachers Forum organized in 2005, it has been observed that most teachers believe that they are required to offer different learning experiences to the students. In the Teachers Forum of 2006, the teachers insisted on facilitating innovative learning activities by involving in authentic and meaningful tasks which can develop critical thinking and enhance their problem-solving ability within their respective environment (Microsoft Corporation 1-21). AREA OF TRAINING NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED With respect to education, it is worth mentioning that the education system, designed for grandparents is not appropriate for present day’s students. Educational systems in various schools have not changed fundamentally in over a century. Thus, the key question arrives in this context is that if the traditional educational system is able to satisfy the requirements of the students of future generation? (Microsoft, â€Å"Teacher Training Programs†) Educa tional investigators have long proposed the schools to follow a new model of teaching and learning. One key priority with respect to teaching is to alter the core of schooling from teacher-centered to pedagogy-based understanding of students’ thought procedure, their abilities to learn and use theoretical concepts in order to derive the solution of practical problems. In order to understand the areas that must be addressed in Teachers Training Program a questionnaire has been designed for teachers (see appendix). About 50 teachers from various schools have been surveyed for recognizing their requirements. According to the outcome of questionnaire, it can be recognized that most of the teachers have not participated in any professional development training activities in last three years. Among the respondents who have stated that they participated in training programs in last three years depicted their participation in courses which are particularly related with their respecti ve subject areas, educational conferences and seminars and formal school arrangement training. The respondents also stated that the training programs

Weather and climate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Weather and climate - Assignment Example The second model shows that the station had a dew point temperature of 60oF and a maximum temperature of 63oF,a barometric pressure of 998mb and a sky cloud coverage 50%. From the second model again I can be noted that the place had a thunderstorm of accompanied by intermittent rainfall (Roger 2010). In the models that answers these questions, it can be observed that in the first model, the station experienced a barometric pressure of 117mb, maximum temperature of 43oF and a minimum temperature of 20oF, the sky was clear, the wind blew from the South west with a speed of 25knots. The pressure change was higher in the last three hours at a +17 with a rising pressure tendency (Roger 2010). In the second model, it can be clearly seen that the station had a barometric pressure of 997mb, the wind blew from the North West, the temperature was 27oF and the dew point temperature was 20oF, there was continuous snow flakes. The amount of precipitation in the last 6 hours was .31, there was also a falling pressure tendency with a falling pressure change of -11 in the last 3hours (Roger

Culture of Australia Essay Example for Free

Culture of Australia Essay The question of identity is always a difficult one for those living in a culture or group, yet belonging to another. This difficulty frequently remains in the mind of most immigrants, especially the second generations who were born in a country other than their parents. Younger generations feel as if they are forced to change to fit the social standards despite previous culture or group. Furthermore those who wish to adopt a new identity of a group or culture havent yet been fully accepted by original members due to their former identity. Living with a different culture to our roots can lead to changes in our lives. Migrating to Australia has affected a lot of authors from Alice Pungs vignettes of Growing up Asian in Australia. Michelle Law displays her exclusion from the Australian culture by preparing exotic lunches with her mother, as well as her hairless Chinese body compared to the school girls. Being seen as a distinct outsider to the Australian culture can influence one to change their way of life to fit in and form friendships. Sunil an Indian schoolboy was faced with the choice of constantly being bullied over his differences or adapting to the community by altering his name to Neil. Changing for others an lose your place in your original identity and culture. After visiting Hong Kong, Michelle momentarily feels identical to her surroundings with her Chinese ethnicity. After mispronouncing words when ordering at a Cantonese Mc Donalds, Michelle comes to realise that she feels just as excluded in Hong Kong as she did in Australia. This sense of displacement caused by multiple cultures can question Michelles judgement, Am I more Asian or more Australian? The feeling of not fitting in can lead us to changes in our life to fit social standards despite our previous culture or way of life. Alice Pung addresses the idea of multiculturalism in her novel Unpolished Gem. Two of the themes in this novel where she portrays her culture are through personal identity and the impact of the past. A major influence on Alices identity was when she was a young child and her grandmother would tell her stories about events that occurred in Cambodia. In Alices teenage years, her beloved grandmother has a stroke, developed disabilities and eventually had passed away. It is around this time where serious psychological problems occur for Alice. This almost forces her into a mental state in which she knows she does not fit in with the Australian culture. She believed she had to do everything she could to change that otherwise Alice knew she would break down mentally. Alice was forced to attempt to fit the social standards of Australia. The actions of adopting a new identity by putting yourself into a different group can lead to not only the new group not fully accepting you but also your original group will see you as a totally different person. At the age of 13 I played basketball for the under 14s side. We were all very close and had formed great friendships throughout the season. The following season I was asked to play above my age group. Without thinking twice I accepted what I thought was a great opportunity. A few days pasted and it was the day of my first training session with the older group. Throughout the 2 hours of training I did not enjoy myself at all. No one would pass me the ball and it was as if they didnt want me there. To be honest I didnt want to be there neither. I decided to return to my own age group and play with my old friend. At the next training session with my original team I realized the same thing was happening, no one would pass me the ball or even acknowledge that I was on the court. It turns out I had changed as a person and found myself caught between the two teams. The moral of that experience was by trying to fit in with a new group I found that I had lost my original identity and forgot where I belong. There are a variety of scenarios that result in us trying to change. Whether it is a result of a different culture or even past experiences. People also feel as if they are forced upon change, and even if you find yourself with a new identity or culture, you may not be fully accepted by original members of that group or culture. The power of a group however is often the cause of losing our individual identity. In conclusion the question remains of whether Change of an identity is right or wrong?

Convergence in Technology Essay -- Essays Papers

Convergence in Technology The concept of a â€Å"global village† or a united community around the world has only in these last few years become a concept widely thought of. However, it seems that the idea of a large-scale sharing of information has long been developing, whether intended or not. The tools of communication have long served a single purpose, that of transmitting information from people to people. Direct communication was long ago realised with sign language and speech, but when people spread out, a kind indirect communication was needed. Thus we created (or rather, hired) the messenger. (Necessity is the mother of invention.) This evolved later into a postal service, connected around the world by a network of synchronised offices of a similar nature. For a long time, indirect communication was the only way to communicate over long distances. Once the telegraph came along, however, people were able to instantly communicate information over long distances. This evolved somewhat into the telephone, which spawned the radio and television. As these were developed, the efficiency and clarity of these transmissions improved, and this allowed the world to know what was happening anywhere else in the world at any given time. At this same time, programmable computers were finally coming to be used. Information was input to these machines and stored on tapes that could be put onto different computers to be run. This paralleled postal mail in a form of indirect communication. However, computers were also already based in intercommunication, because computers are systems of smaller functioning devices connected to perform a function or process. The evolution of computers’ communicating then evolved by extending direct connections between these large systems, sharing information. With the invention of the modem, computers could communicate piggybacking a system that people already used. As the modem developed, communications speeds increased. The state of convergence began when people were communicating increased types of information through these computers. First program data, statistics, stock market quotes, news, specific interest information, and finally personal information. Computers became a method of communication within themselves. The increased usage of modems for things like e-mail and on-line forums came about even... ... to use our computer, connected through the internet via our TV cable outlet and displayed on our High-Definition TV, to watch a â€Å"TV show† broadcast via the internet. The ultimate point of convergence I envision for the future is a single fibre-optic cable in our homes (perhaps brought to us by ShawTel?) as a conduit to what we know now as the Internet. Fad appliances like WebTV will be eliminated due to their inadequateness and will be replaced by integrated systems within a household. They will provide for our entertainment needs with interactive broadcast programs, news reports of only the stories or areas we request, and communication via a video and audio connection to anyone, anywhere in the world. This battle for supremacy over who will control the future of communication will be fought largely between the telecommunications companies and the Cable TV companies. Perhaps mergers will be sought, or some companies will be run out of business because of their inability to keep up. Millions of dollars will be lost and billions will be made, but the end product will create a closely-knit global community, able to communicate instantly regardless of language or location.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

This is of course in the most suspending parts. The other times music is used it is usually based upon the feeling that Frankenstein has at that particular time during the film. The music is often orchestrated giving a very gothic feel to the film. There are also different sound effects used to give dramatic affect throughout the film. Many of these would obviously never have been heard but they are put in to give the suspense. Such as his fathers wails when his mother has just died. They to don’t sound like human screams. This is done to give the affect that everyone has a dark side or a little monster in all of them. Throughout the film there is a lot of special effects. These include the Monster’s and Elizabeth’s look when they are created, the lightning, the fire, the breaking of the iceberg, the creation of the monster and Elizabeth, and the Laboratory. Like most special effects they are used to give the film better scenes and to carry out the story line in an affective and realistic way. Of course different SFX are used for different parts of the film, obviously for different affects. For example the fire is used a lot through the film. This is done to give the perception of fire to be an evil monstrous thing also to give the affect of revenge. Fire is always seen as something evil or bad, so making the characters start or cause fires gives the idea that something is evil about this character or the person they are trying to burn is evil. This is used effectively near the end of the film, where Elizabeth is turned into a monster and then kills herself and burns the house down. I believe that this is done effectively because it isn’t so much that she is burning herself because of what she has become but why she was revived. After she dies she is bought back to life not because Frankenstein believes she shouldn’t had died but because he wants her and doesn’t want to leave her. Frankenstein doesn’t want to bring her back to life for her sake, he is being selfish and bringing her back to life is to do so for his benefit only. The fire shows the evil of Frankenstein’s selfish ways. Another instance of SPX being used is the Lightning that I have already mentioned. Of course the most important part of any film is the acting. The acting in this film is very good. Most of the actors are not A list celebrities but they are very well known. The only truly well known celebrity is Robert DiNiro. So the acting in this film was expected to be high. Many of the characters are very believable. The two most believable characters are the main two, Frankenstein and the Monster. Kenneth Branagh gives a very good performance as an almost insane scientist wanting to further the scientific gain of the world and for himself. Robert DiNiro also gives a very good role as a monster. He shows the pain and anguish the monster must go through to try and fit into society. In the end it he gives up and seeks revenge after his creator. This is very effective acting between the two. Other secondary characters give extremely good performances as relations, friends and acquaintances of Frankenstein or the Monster. Such as Elizabeth who gives a believable role as truly caring about her future husband when she visits him. Frankenstein’s father who also shows the role of a proud father when Frankenstein becomes a Doctor and saves live, much like he once did. There are other key characters such as the family the Monster stays with. They aren’t greatly important characters that the characters must interact with them but they are key to the development of the Monsters character. It develops the monsters bitterness towards man. Of course there are other characters in the story but none are important and realistic as the main characters that interact with the lesser characters. The acting in this film is extremely believable and very good. The film wouldn’t be anything without any direction. Kenneth Branagh, who also played Viktor Frankenstein in the film, also directed it. Some people hinted that Kenneth Branagh was selfish to be directing the film and play the main role, but this could also be noticed as commitment. Branagh wanted to get the best version of Mary Shelly’s Chilling novel and to do this he believed he had to play Viktor Frankenstein himself. This was done simply to get the best adaptation of the book that was possible. Branagh used different effects to bring across the film. The structure of the film was seriously thought about in the directing. The position of key characters throughout the film is very important. For instance the position of Frankenstein when they are in the lecture hall, he is placed above the rest as if he was above the rest of the people there. The look of Elizabeth when she visits Frankenstein, the town is very dank and has no colour, where as Elizabeth is wearing a very colourful dress. As if there was life coming towards Frankenstein. This is done very effectively on Branagh’s part. Of course Elizabeth does stand out very dramatically and it is very easy to spot. The film is also structured so that it is told as a story from Frankenstein and the little dramatic affects are put in to give the story some integrity and to boost the storyline. Frankenstein or the monster is always in the centre of the screen, to keep the focus on them. Different locations give them different areas to excel at. The Monster has brilliant moments in the Ice landscapes because it shows the strength and power of the character. Where as putting Frankenstein in the lab with the lightning scenes give the perception that Frankenstein is in fact going very mad. The directing is done in different scenes to make sure the acting, locations, SFX and use of camera’s compliment each other so that the film fits together and so that storyline is told to perfection. Other things make sure that the film fits together correctly. The speed of the narrative is very important and also the use of flashbacks. The narrative starts very near the start but it doesn’t actually go back to the narrating until it reaches the end of the film. It is almost don e in a way to introduce ad close the film. The narrative is only explained through the story that almost presents itself during the film. The flashback system is only used once throughout the film. This is done when Frankenstein first starts his story about the deadliest mistake he ever made as a scientist. This is very affective and goes back to when the Frankenstein first get granted the degree to become a doctor. This gives the effect of showing us Frankenstein’s opinion and memory of events that have happened. Also it gives an actual perspective of person’s events on what happened. The flashback system is not over used in this film like many other films do. There is other important cinematography in this film. Camera angles, colours and symbols are used to get the point across. Many of these I have mentioned in other paragraphs. Such as the colour of Elizabeth’s dress and the position of Frankenstein in the Lecture Hall, symbols such as fire are used throughout, to symbolise death and tragedy. There is other cinematography used but nothing as good as these examples. The film also presents visual affects on the different classes of people and the way the monster fits into it. The classes between Frankenstein’s family and the town’s people are very easy to see. There are peasants and the upper class that are very easy to seals. The differences between the servants in the Frankenstein’s family are quite different as well. There are the very poor servants, which seem a lot like the towns people. The next class of servants are normally dressed as butlers or middle class. The next class of servants are almost friends, e. g. the Nanny they have working there who is later killed because of the monster. When the Frankenstein’s witness this death it is almost like losing a member of their family. The monster does not fit into any of these classes. He like Frankenstein is an outsider and doesn’t belong anywhere. This is very easy to see when he interacts with the town’s people. They treat him very differently because of they way he looks and acts. It is very easy to see that everyone in the late 19th Century were treated on how they appeared. I believe that this film is a good one because it has a good adaptation of the book. The film is done very convincingly as a gothic horror film. It shows the pain and suffering of the different classes of people. It also shows the burden of discovery and the horrible truth that no matter how hard we try, the book will always be judged by its cover. The film was an average film at the film theatres. It has had a number of bad reviews but in my opinion it is a good film and one of the best Frankenstein adaptations. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Nell

Nell, a 26-year-old single lady ends up deserted by her beau in Paris one day. The hotel where she booked her room at, she finds that the room she has saved has been twofold reserved and ends up imparting the space to an American lady. Since Nell is an uncertain lady, she feels tentative about remaining in Paris and thinks about returning home, yet she chooses to remain when she discovers two tickets to a craftsmanship appear, left behind by an American lady. At the workmanship appear, Nell has a second experience with Fabian, a server and battling essayist whom she spilled her wine on the prior night. Discouraged over an ongoing separation and the loss of a large portion of his novel, that had been blown into the lanes of Paris the day preceding, Fabian winds up attracted to Nell when he recognizes her crying close to one of the canvases in the show. He approaches her out for an espresso, and she acknowledges. Here, the two associate sincerely and mentally, and Fabian requests that Nell go out with him that night to a bar where he is getting together with a couple of companions. Nell acknowledges. Before going out, Nell goes to a close-by shop and purchases another outfit since she needs to appear â€Å"Parisian.† At that point Fabian grabs Nell and takes her on a tornado voyage through Paris, and later they go to different bars, drinking and moving. They spend the whole night together, and they in the long run travel on the Seine, which is Fabian's dad's watercraft, the Rose de Paris. Fabian reveals to Nell that is father's business is enduring, and Nell recommends another strategy for success for the vessel, one outfitted towards giving sentimental, modified visits. Toward the beginning of the day, Fabian attempts to give Nell a kiss however, the two are hindered by the custodian of Nell's inn. Fabian asks Nell to supper. Meanwhile, Nell's companions back in England have found that Nell's beau, Peter, did not go on the outing since he needed to go out drinking with his companions. They constrain Peter on a plane that takes him to Paris. Nell spends her day strolling the boulevards of Paris with no specific arrangement, which is exceptionally bizarre, as she is generally extremely strict about making a motivation and adhering to it. Before coming back to the lodging she purchases the green dress. Later, Fabian picks her up and they begin strolling to a yard where Fabian has sitting tight for them a private supper with one of his companions dressed like a server. In transit, Nell got the telephone call that Peter is at the lodging. She pardons herself, and Fabian surmises that it is her boyfriend. At the hotel, Nell meets up with Peter, who is dressed carelessly and is hesitant to take Nell out to supper, expressing that he would want to have a snooze and room service. Nell is given a note by the attendant that clarifies that Peter had been constrained onto the plane by Nell's companions. After perusing this, Nell leaves Peter. Nell makes up for lost time with Fabian at a bar and the two rejoin and have an awesome time. Toward the night's end, they go to Fabian's condo, where Fabian peruses a few pages from a diary Nell has brought along, and Nell peruses pages of Fabian's novel. Fabian informs Nell regarding another original thought he has, which has a fundamental character fundamentally the same as Nell. Nell likes his thought then, they kiss, and Nell spends the night. Toward the beginning of the day Fabian strolls Nell home and they part without an arrangement to get together once more. A half year later, Nell gets an advancement at her activity. She is apathetic about it, and soon thereafter when she is giving an introduction to people keen on discovering work in her organization she closes the introduction by disclosing to them how dull corporate presence is. Later, Nell leaves the room, goes to the PC, and looks into Fabian's dad's watercraft. She finds that Fabian's dad had utilized her thought and that the vessel has become extremely famous. Nell considers her mom on the telephone and advises her mother to meet her at the movement office. Nell goes to Paris and sheets Fabian's dad's boat, yet Fabian isn't there. Nell discloses to Fabian's dad how she had succumbed to Fabian, and Fabian's dad calls Fabian. While orbiting the city, they discover Fabian looking out for one of Seine's scaffolds, and he hops into the pontoon. He reveals to Nell that he has a distributor for Fabian's new novel. Nell questions him on how it closures and he reveals to her he let the characters choose. The book closes with Nell revealing to Fabian the amount she constantly enjoyed cheerful endings.

Review Paper of Resident Evil Essay Example

Review Paper of Resident Evil Essay Example Review Paper of Resident Evil Paper Review Paper of Resident Evil Paper Ginny Littlefield September 25, 2010 Evaluation Essay Resident Evil: The Movies Resident Evil is a series of science fiction/horror films. The films, for the most part, are based on the series of Resident Evil games developed by Capcom. The films are written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. The first Resident Evil film uses elements from the video games Resident Evil and Resident Evil 2. The film’s main character, an amnesiac named Alice, bands together with an alliance of individuals in an attempt to escape from a secret underground facility that at one time was filled with employees but is now overrun with zombies.The following sequels continue to follow Alice and her attempt to bring down the corrupt Umbrella Corporation. To start off, I will say that the original storyline from the Resident evil films were what made me interested in watching them. I am not exactly a zombie buff, however once I listened to my husband and friends recount the first film, I decided to give it a try, and was entranced by the story. Though by the time I reached the third film I began to lose my enthusiasm for the series.This is a series that starts out strong and then dwindles as though the writers are grasping at straws to keep the series going, throwing in random creatures from the games with no explanations of what they are or why they are there, Anderson deviates from the storyline as a whole. One thing I will give Resident Evil props for are the action sequences, once again I refer to the first and second film. In the third film the action seems a bit stuttered and in the forth film, lackluster at best.In Resident Evil: Extinction, the third installment of this series, it has been 5 years since the outbreak and the few people still left topside are traveling caravan-style trying to get to Alaska. This film gave me the feeling of watching Mad Max meets The Birds, with only 2 good action scenes. The forth in the series, Resident Evil: Afterlife may be even more deri vative than its predecessor. With shoddy action sequences and wandering storyline I am amazed it even got through production.In this film, Alice, played by Milla Jovovich, continues on her journey to find survivors and lead them to safety while working to take down the Umbrella Corporation. Having found a new alliance of friends that needed rescuing, they work their way toward what they think is a safe haven. One of the few saving graces of these films is the acting skills of Milla Jovovich. Throughout the series she has definitely shown her amazing acting skills despite the deterioration of the writing.If you are looking for overdone gore, zero tension, and boring action scenes, then look no further than this whole series. However if you are looking for an action packed, plot twisting, edge of your seat type of movie you might want to stop after the first two films. With the disappointment shown from critics and viewers worldwide I am hoping that Anderson takes note and makes the n ext upcoming sequel something worth watching.Sources:http://screenrant. com/resident-evil-afterlife-reviews-benk-77912/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resident_Evil rottentomatoes. com/m/resident_evil/