Culture of Australia Essay Example for Free

Culture of Australia Essay The question of identity is always a difficult one for those living in a culture or group, yet belonging to another. This difficulty frequently remains in the mind of most immigrants, especially the second generations who were born in a country other than their parents. Younger generations feel as if they are forced to change to fit the social standards despite previous culture or group. Furthermore those who wish to adopt a new identity of a group or culture havent yet been fully accepted by original members due to their former identity. Living with a different culture to our roots can lead to changes in our lives. Migrating to Australia has affected a lot of authors from Alice Pungs vignettes of Growing up Asian in Australia. Michelle Law displays her exclusion from the Australian culture by preparing exotic lunches with her mother, as well as her hairless Chinese body compared to the school girls. Being seen as a distinct outsider to the Australian culture can influence one to change their way of life to fit in and form friendships. Sunil an Indian schoolboy was faced with the choice of constantly being bullied over his differences or adapting to the community by altering his name to Neil. Changing for others an lose your place in your original identity and culture. After visiting Hong Kong, Michelle momentarily feels identical to her surroundings with her Chinese ethnicity. After mispronouncing words when ordering at a Cantonese Mc Donalds, Michelle comes to realise that she feels just as excluded in Hong Kong as she did in Australia. This sense of displacement caused by multiple cultures can question Michelles judgement, Am I more Asian or more Australian? The feeling of not fitting in can lead us to changes in our life to fit social standards despite our previous culture or way of life. Alice Pung addresses the idea of multiculturalism in her novel Unpolished Gem. Two of the themes in this novel where she portrays her culture are through personal identity and the impact of the past. A major influence on Alices identity was when she was a young child and her grandmother would tell her stories about events that occurred in Cambodia. In Alices teenage years, her beloved grandmother has a stroke, developed disabilities and eventually had passed away. It is around this time where serious psychological problems occur for Alice. This almost forces her into a mental state in which she knows she does not fit in with the Australian culture. She believed she had to do everything she could to change that otherwise Alice knew she would break down mentally. Alice was forced to attempt to fit the social standards of Australia. The actions of adopting a new identity by putting yourself into a different group can lead to not only the new group not fully accepting you but also your original group will see you as a totally different person. At the age of 13 I played basketball for the under 14s side. We were all very close and had formed great friendships throughout the season. The following season I was asked to play above my age group. Without thinking twice I accepted what I thought was a great opportunity. A few days pasted and it was the day of my first training session with the older group. Throughout the 2 hours of training I did not enjoy myself at all. No one would pass me the ball and it was as if they didnt want me there. To be honest I didnt want to be there neither. I decided to return to my own age group and play with my old friend. At the next training session with my original team I realized the same thing was happening, no one would pass me the ball or even acknowledge that I was on the court. It turns out I had changed as a person and found myself caught between the two teams. The moral of that experience was by trying to fit in with a new group I found that I had lost my original identity and forgot where I belong. There are a variety of scenarios that result in us trying to change. Whether it is a result of a different culture or even past experiences. People also feel as if they are forced upon change, and even if you find yourself with a new identity or culture, you may not be fully accepted by original members of that group or culture. The power of a group however is often the cause of losing our individual identity. In conclusion the question remains of whether Change of an identity is right or wrong?

Convergence in Technology Essay -- Essays Papers

Convergence in Technology The concept of a â€Å"global village† or a united community around the world has only in these last few years become a concept widely thought of. However, it seems that the idea of a large-scale sharing of information has long been developing, whether intended or not. The tools of communication have long served a single purpose, that of transmitting information from people to people. Direct communication was long ago realised with sign language and speech, but when people spread out, a kind indirect communication was needed. Thus we created (or rather, hired) the messenger. (Necessity is the mother of invention.) This evolved later into a postal service, connected around the world by a network of synchronised offices of a similar nature. For a long time, indirect communication was the only way to communicate over long distances. Once the telegraph came along, however, people were able to instantly communicate information over long distances. This evolved somewhat into the telephone, which spawned the radio and television. As these were developed, the efficiency and clarity of these transmissions improved, and this allowed the world to know what was happening anywhere else in the world at any given time. At this same time, programmable computers were finally coming to be used. Information was input to these machines and stored on tapes that could be put onto different computers to be run. This paralleled postal mail in a form of indirect communication. However, computers were also already based in intercommunication, because computers are systems of smaller functioning devices connected to perform a function or process. The evolution of computers’ communicating then evolved by extending direct connections between these large systems, sharing information. With the invention of the modem, computers could communicate piggybacking a system that people already used. As the modem developed, communications speeds increased. The state of convergence began when people were communicating increased types of information through these computers. First program data, statistics, stock market quotes, news, specific interest information, and finally personal information. Computers became a method of communication within themselves. The increased usage of modems for things like e-mail and on-line forums came about even... ... to use our computer, connected through the internet via our TV cable outlet and displayed on our High-Definition TV, to watch a â€Å"TV show† broadcast via the internet. The ultimate point of convergence I envision for the future is a single fibre-optic cable in our homes (perhaps brought to us by ShawTel?) as a conduit to what we know now as the Internet. Fad appliances like WebTV will be eliminated due to their inadequateness and will be replaced by integrated systems within a household. They will provide for our entertainment needs with interactive broadcast programs, news reports of only the stories or areas we request, and communication via a video and audio connection to anyone, anywhere in the world. This battle for supremacy over who will control the future of communication will be fought largely between the telecommunications companies and the Cable TV companies. Perhaps mergers will be sought, or some companies will be run out of business because of their inability to keep up. Millions of dollars will be lost and billions will be made, but the end product will create a closely-knit global community, able to communicate instantly regardless of language or location.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

This is of course in the most suspending parts. The other times music is used it is usually based upon the feeling that Frankenstein has at that particular time during the film. The music is often orchestrated giving a very gothic feel to the film. There are also different sound effects used to give dramatic affect throughout the film. Many of these would obviously never have been heard but they are put in to give the suspense. Such as his fathers wails when his mother has just died. They to don’t sound like human screams. This is done to give the affect that everyone has a dark side or a little monster in all of them. Throughout the film there is a lot of special effects. These include the Monster’s and Elizabeth’s look when they are created, the lightning, the fire, the breaking of the iceberg, the creation of the monster and Elizabeth, and the Laboratory. Like most special effects they are used to give the film better scenes and to carry out the story line in an affective and realistic way. Of course different SFX are used for different parts of the film, obviously for different affects. For example the fire is used a lot through the film. This is done to give the perception of fire to be an evil monstrous thing also to give the affect of revenge. Fire is always seen as something evil or bad, so making the characters start or cause fires gives the idea that something is evil about this character or the person they are trying to burn is evil. This is used effectively near the end of the film, where Elizabeth is turned into a monster and then kills herself and burns the house down. I believe that this is done effectively because it isn’t so much that she is burning herself because of what she has become but why she was revived. After she dies she is bought back to life not because Frankenstein believes she shouldn’t had died but because he wants her and doesn’t want to leave her. Frankenstein doesn’t want to bring her back to life for her sake, he is being selfish and bringing her back to life is to do so for his benefit only. The fire shows the evil of Frankenstein’s selfish ways. Another instance of SPX being used is the Lightning that I have already mentioned. Of course the most important part of any film is the acting. The acting in this film is very good. Most of the actors are not A list celebrities but they are very well known. The only truly well known celebrity is Robert DiNiro. So the acting in this film was expected to be high. Many of the characters are very believable. The two most believable characters are the main two, Frankenstein and the Monster. Kenneth Branagh gives a very good performance as an almost insane scientist wanting to further the scientific gain of the world and for himself. Robert DiNiro also gives a very good role as a monster. He shows the pain and anguish the monster must go through to try and fit into society. In the end it he gives up and seeks revenge after his creator. This is very effective acting between the two. Other secondary characters give extremely good performances as relations, friends and acquaintances of Frankenstein or the Monster. Such as Elizabeth who gives a believable role as truly caring about her future husband when she visits him. Frankenstein’s father who also shows the role of a proud father when Frankenstein becomes a Doctor and saves live, much like he once did. There are other key characters such as the family the Monster stays with. They aren’t greatly important characters that the characters must interact with them but they are key to the development of the Monsters character. It develops the monsters bitterness towards man. Of course there are other characters in the story but none are important and realistic as the main characters that interact with the lesser characters. The acting in this film is extremely believable and very good. The film wouldn’t be anything without any direction. Kenneth Branagh, who also played Viktor Frankenstein in the film, also directed it. Some people hinted that Kenneth Branagh was selfish to be directing the film and play the main role, but this could also be noticed as commitment. Branagh wanted to get the best version of Mary Shelly’s Chilling novel and to do this he believed he had to play Viktor Frankenstein himself. This was done simply to get the best adaptation of the book that was possible. Branagh used different effects to bring across the film. The structure of the film was seriously thought about in the directing. The position of key characters throughout the film is very important. For instance the position of Frankenstein when they are in the lecture hall, he is placed above the rest as if he was above the rest of the people there. The look of Elizabeth when she visits Frankenstein, the town is very dank and has no colour, where as Elizabeth is wearing a very colourful dress. As if there was life coming towards Frankenstein. This is done very effectively on Branagh’s part. Of course Elizabeth does stand out very dramatically and it is very easy to spot. The film is also structured so that it is told as a story from Frankenstein and the little dramatic affects are put in to give the story some integrity and to boost the storyline. Frankenstein or the monster is always in the centre of the screen, to keep the focus on them. Different locations give them different areas to excel at. The Monster has brilliant moments in the Ice landscapes because it shows the strength and power of the character. Where as putting Frankenstein in the lab with the lightning scenes give the perception that Frankenstein is in fact going very mad. The directing is done in different scenes to make sure the acting, locations, SFX and use of camera’s compliment each other so that the film fits together and so that storyline is told to perfection. Other things make sure that the film fits together correctly. The speed of the narrative is very important and also the use of flashbacks. The narrative starts very near the start but it doesn’t actually go back to the narrating until it reaches the end of the film. It is almost don e in a way to introduce ad close the film. The narrative is only explained through the story that almost presents itself during the film. The flashback system is only used once throughout the film. This is done when Frankenstein first starts his story about the deadliest mistake he ever made as a scientist. This is very affective and goes back to when the Frankenstein first get granted the degree to become a doctor. This gives the effect of showing us Frankenstein’s opinion and memory of events that have happened. Also it gives an actual perspective of person’s events on what happened. The flashback system is not over used in this film like many other films do. There is other important cinematography in this film. Camera angles, colours and symbols are used to get the point across. Many of these I have mentioned in other paragraphs. Such as the colour of Elizabeth’s dress and the position of Frankenstein in the Lecture Hall, symbols such as fire are used throughout, to symbolise death and tragedy. There is other cinematography used but nothing as good as these examples. The film also presents visual affects on the different classes of people and the way the monster fits into it. The classes between Frankenstein’s family and the town’s people are very easy to see. There are peasants and the upper class that are very easy to seals. The differences between the servants in the Frankenstein’s family are quite different as well. There are the very poor servants, which seem a lot like the towns people. The next class of servants are normally dressed as butlers or middle class. The next class of servants are almost friends, e. g. the Nanny they have working there who is later killed because of the monster. When the Frankenstein’s witness this death it is almost like losing a member of their family. The monster does not fit into any of these classes. He like Frankenstein is an outsider and doesn’t belong anywhere. This is very easy to see when he interacts with the town’s people. They treat him very differently because of they way he looks and acts. It is very easy to see that everyone in the late 19th Century were treated on how they appeared. I believe that this film is a good one because it has a good adaptation of the book. The film is done very convincingly as a gothic horror film. It shows the pain and suffering of the different classes of people. It also shows the burden of discovery and the horrible truth that no matter how hard we try, the book will always be judged by its cover. The film was an average film at the film theatres. It has had a number of bad reviews but in my opinion it is a good film and one of the best Frankenstein adaptations. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Nell

Nell, a 26-year-old single lady ends up deserted by her beau in Paris one day. The hotel where she booked her room at, she finds that the room she has saved has been twofold reserved and ends up imparting the space to an American lady. Since Nell is an uncertain lady, she feels tentative about remaining in Paris and thinks about returning home, yet she chooses to remain when she discovers two tickets to a craftsmanship appear, left behind by an American lady. At the workmanship appear, Nell has a second experience with Fabian, a server and battling essayist whom she spilled her wine on the prior night. Discouraged over an ongoing separation and the loss of a large portion of his novel, that had been blown into the lanes of Paris the day preceding, Fabian winds up attracted to Nell when he recognizes her crying close to one of the canvases in the show. He approaches her out for an espresso, and she acknowledges. Here, the two associate sincerely and mentally, and Fabian requests that Nell go out with him that night to a bar where he is getting together with a couple of companions. Nell acknowledges. Before going out, Nell goes to a close-by shop and purchases another outfit since she needs to appear â€Å"Parisian.† At that point Fabian grabs Nell and takes her on a tornado voyage through Paris, and later they go to different bars, drinking and moving. They spend the whole night together, and they in the long run travel on the Seine, which is Fabian's dad's watercraft, the Rose de Paris. Fabian reveals to Nell that is father's business is enduring, and Nell recommends another strategy for success for the vessel, one outfitted towards giving sentimental, modified visits. Toward the beginning of the day, Fabian attempts to give Nell a kiss however, the two are hindered by the custodian of Nell's inn. Fabian asks Nell to supper. Meanwhile, Nell's companions back in England have found that Nell's beau, Peter, did not go on the outing since he needed to go out drinking with his companions. They constrain Peter on a plane that takes him to Paris. Nell spends her day strolling the boulevards of Paris with no specific arrangement, which is exceptionally bizarre, as she is generally extremely strict about making a motivation and adhering to it. Before coming back to the lodging she purchases the green dress. Later, Fabian picks her up and they begin strolling to a yard where Fabian has sitting tight for them a private supper with one of his companions dressed like a server. In transit, Nell got the telephone call that Peter is at the lodging. She pardons herself, and Fabian surmises that it is her boyfriend. At the hotel, Nell meets up with Peter, who is dressed carelessly and is hesitant to take Nell out to supper, expressing that he would want to have a snooze and room service. Nell is given a note by the attendant that clarifies that Peter had been constrained onto the plane by Nell's companions. After perusing this, Nell leaves Peter. Nell makes up for lost time with Fabian at a bar and the two rejoin and have an awesome time. Toward the night's end, they go to Fabian's condo, where Fabian peruses a few pages from a diary Nell has brought along, and Nell peruses pages of Fabian's novel. Fabian informs Nell regarding another original thought he has, which has a fundamental character fundamentally the same as Nell. Nell likes his thought then, they kiss, and Nell spends the night. Toward the beginning of the day Fabian strolls Nell home and they part without an arrangement to get together once more. A half year later, Nell gets an advancement at her activity. She is apathetic about it, and soon thereafter when she is giving an introduction to people keen on discovering work in her organization she closes the introduction by disclosing to them how dull corporate presence is. Later, Nell leaves the room, goes to the PC, and looks into Fabian's dad's watercraft. She finds that Fabian's dad had utilized her thought and that the vessel has become extremely famous. Nell considers her mom on the telephone and advises her mother to meet her at the movement office. Nell goes to Paris and sheets Fabian's dad's boat, yet Fabian isn't there. Nell discloses to Fabian's dad how she had succumbed to Fabian, and Fabian's dad calls Fabian. While orbiting the city, they discover Fabian looking out for one of Seine's scaffolds, and he hops into the pontoon. He reveals to Nell that he has a distributor for Fabian's new novel. Nell questions him on how it closures and he reveals to her he let the characters choose. The book closes with Nell revealing to Fabian the amount she constantly enjoyed cheerful endings.

Review Paper of Resident Evil Essay Example

Review Paper of Resident Evil Essay Example Review Paper of Resident Evil Paper Review Paper of Resident Evil Paper Ginny Littlefield September 25, 2010 Evaluation Essay Resident Evil: The Movies Resident Evil is a series of science fiction/horror films. The films, for the most part, are based on the series of Resident Evil games developed by Capcom. The films are written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. The first Resident Evil film uses elements from the video games Resident Evil and Resident Evil 2. The film’s main character, an amnesiac named Alice, bands together with an alliance of individuals in an attempt to escape from a secret underground facility that at one time was filled with employees but is now overrun with zombies.The following sequels continue to follow Alice and her attempt to bring down the corrupt Umbrella Corporation. To start off, I will say that the original storyline from the Resident evil films were what made me interested in watching them. I am not exactly a zombie buff, however once I listened to my husband and friends recount the first film, I decided to give it a try, and was entranced by the story. Though by the time I reached the third film I began to lose my enthusiasm for the series.This is a series that starts out strong and then dwindles as though the writers are grasping at straws to keep the series going, throwing in random creatures from the games with no explanations of what they are or why they are there, Anderson deviates from the storyline as a whole. One thing I will give Resident Evil props for are the action sequences, once again I refer to the first and second film. In the third film the action seems a bit stuttered and in the forth film, lackluster at best.In Resident Evil: Extinction, the third installment of this series, it has been 5 years since the outbreak and the few people still left topside are traveling caravan-style trying to get to Alaska. This film gave me the feeling of watching Mad Max meets The Birds, with only 2 good action scenes. The forth in the series, Resident Evil: Afterlife may be even more deri vative than its predecessor. With shoddy action sequences and wandering storyline I am amazed it even got through production.In this film, Alice, played by Milla Jovovich, continues on her journey to find survivors and lead them to safety while working to take down the Umbrella Corporation. Having found a new alliance of friends that needed rescuing, they work their way toward what they think is a safe haven. One of the few saving graces of these films is the acting skills of Milla Jovovich. Throughout the series she has definitely shown her amazing acting skills despite the deterioration of the writing.If you are looking for overdone gore, zero tension, and boring action scenes, then look no further than this whole series. However if you are looking for an action packed, plot twisting, edge of your seat type of movie you might want to stop after the first two films. With the disappointment shown from critics and viewers worldwide I am hoping that Anderson takes note and makes the n ext upcoming sequel something worth watching.Sources:http://screenrant. com/resident-evil-afterlife-reviews-benk-77912/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resident_Evil rottentomatoes. com/m/resident_evil/

History and Geography of India

History and Geography of India Population: 1,173,108,018 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: New DelhiMajor Cities: Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore,  and ChennaiArea: 1,269,219 square miles (3,287,263 sq km)Bordering Countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Nepal,  and PakistanCoastline: 4,350 miles (7,000 km)Highest Point: Kanchenjunga at 28,208 feet (8,598 m) India, formally called the Republic of India, is the country that occupies most of the Indian subcontinent in southern Asia. In terms of its population, India is one of the most populous nations in the world and falls slightly behind China. India has a long history and is considered the worlds largest democracy and one of the most successful in Asia. It is a developing nation and has only recently opened its economy to outside trade and influences. As such, its economy is currently growing and when combined with its population growth, India is one of the worlds most significant countries. Indias History Indias earliest settlements are believed to have developed in the culture hearths of the Indus Valley around 2600 B.C.E. and in the Ganges Valley around 1500 B.C.E. These societies were mainly composed of ethnic Dravidians who had an economy based on commerce and agricultural trade. Aryan tribes are believed to have then invaded the area after they migrated into the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. It is thought that they introduced the caste system which is still common in many parts of India today. During the 4th century B.C.E, Alexander the Great introduced Greek practices into the region when he expanded across Central Asia. During the 3rd century B.C.E, the Mauryan Empire came into power in India and was most successful under its emperor, Ashoka. Throughout subsequent periods Arab, Turkish and Mongol peoples entered India and in 1526, a Mongol Empire was established there, which later expanded throughout most of northern India. During this time, such landmarks as the Taj Mahal were also constructed. Much of Indias history after the 1500s was then dominated by British influences. The first British colony was in 1619 with English East India Company at Surat. Shortly thereafter, permanent trading stations opened in present-day Chennai, Mumbai,  and Kolkata. British influence then continued to expand from these initial trading stations and by the 1850s, most of India and other countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh were controlled by Britain. By the late 1800s, India began working toward independence from Britain but it did not come until the 1940s however when Indian citizens began to unite and British Labor Prime Minister Clement Attlee began to push for Indias independence. On August 15, 1947, India officially became a dominion within the Commonwealth and Jawaharlal Nehru was named Indias Prime Minister. Indias first constitution was written shortly thereafter on January 26, 1950, and at that time, it officially became a member of the British Commonwealth. Since gaining its independence, India has undergone significant growth in terms of its population and economy, however, there were periods of instability in the country and much of its population today lives extreme poverty. Government of India Today Indias government is a federal republic with two legislative bodies. The legislative bodies consist of the Council of States, also called Rajya Sabha, and the Peoples Assembly, which is called the Lok Sabha. Indias executive branch has a chief of state and a head of government. There are also 28 states and seven union territories in India. Economics Land Use in India Indias economy today is a varied mix of small village farming, modern large-scale agriculture as well as modern industries. The service sector is also an incredibly large part of Indias economy as many foreign companies have  such places as call centers located in the country. In addition to the service sector, Indias largest industries are textiles, food processing, steel, cement, mining equipment, petroleum, chemicals and computer software. Indias agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea, sugarcane, dairy products,  and livestock. Geography and Climate of India The geography of India is diverse and can be divided into three main regions. The first is the rugged, mountainous Himalayan region in the northern part of the country, while the second is called the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is in this region that most of Indias large-scale agriculture takes place. The third geographic region in India is the plateau region in the southern and central portions of the country. India also has three major river systems which have large deltas that take over a large portion of the land. These are the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Indias climate is also varied but is tropical in the south and mainly temperate in the north. The country also has a pronounced monsoon season from June to September in it southern portion. More Facts About India Indias people are 80% Hindu, 13% Muslim and 2% Christian. These divisions have historically caused tensions between different religious groups.Hindi and English are Indias official languages, but there are also 17 regional languages that are considered official.India has several cities that have undergone place name changes such as Bombay being renamed Mumbai. These changes were mainly done in an effort to return the city names to local dialects, as opposed to British translations. Sources: Central Intelligence Agency. (20 January 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - India. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html. Infoplease.com. (n.d.). India: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.  infoplease.com/country/india.html. United States Department of State. (2009 November). India (11/09).  state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm.

Research Methods critique of a qualitative journal Literature review

Research Methods critique of a qualitative journal - Literature review Example It is a concise title, which is free of extraneous words and or phrases. Abstract. The wide ranging approach of the article is confirmed in the abstract which stresses the â€Å"complex and multifaceted† way in which ideology affects people at various stages in their professional careers, and in different contexts. The abstract highlights the theoretical underpinning of the work by the work of Goffman on frame analysis (1974; 1981) and outlines how a grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the interactions between professionals and older people. There was some indication of the scope, the variables and the findings of the study in the abstract, but little in the way of detail. The most accurate description for the type of research that this study represents is a survey, with strong theoretical underpinning and a focus on linking ideology with practice. No direct interactions between social workers and clients were observed, and the information about such interactions w as second-hand via the interviewing process. Introduction The problem that the article addresses is was very clearly defined as a need to evaluate the success of the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act in meeting the needs of older people. This is not a new issue, since the Act had been in force for almost two decades at the the time of publication of the article, but the author demonstrates that the critical literature has produced very mixed evaluations. The complexity of the environment, with its conflicting demands such as professional standards, management directives, shifting ideologies, financial constraints and different individual values has led to a proliferation of research outputs which illuminate the detail, but do not address the more fundamental question of dominant ideologies. The background to the problem is described as â€Å"a practice context that has challenged well established modes of social work intervention, †¦ an emphasis on inter-professional workingâ₠¬ ¦ and ethical considerations surrounding service rationing and individual rights.† (Sullivan, 2009). The problem itself is clearly formulated as a need to â€Å"explore both the manifest content and the functional properties of dominant ideology in community care practice†. (Sullivan, 2009) Literature Review Sullivan cites a number of key studies in her description of the fundamental changes in the delivery of care to older people since 1990. These include the work of Postle (1999; 2000; 2002) on the changing role of social workers, and various studies on how bureaucracy affects the delivery of care, such as Lipsky (1980) in an American context and Ellis et al. (2007) in a UK context. Stereotypes of social worker description are listed with reference to Wilmot (1995) and Dalley (1991). A great many studies on organizational policy and its effects on professionals and older people are cited. The extensive quotation of other scholars gives the literature review the qual ity of a meta-analysis, and at the end of this the author homes in on the issue of how ideologies impact on practice delivery. The somewhat overpowering density of references is no doubt due to the fact that the article rests on the author’s PhD research. (Sullivan, 2003). Method procedure. The study proper begins with a reiteration of Goffman’